高考英语复习：使用名词要“义”准“数”清

南开中学 段胜利

尽管名词所涉及的语法条目不如动词多，但它却和动词一样，是高考(Q吧)考查的重点。名词的试题在试卷各个题型上都有体现，仅以2007年高考天津卷为例：

单项选择第12题

One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________.

A. bills B. expenses

C. prices D. charges

答案B。考查名词的认知。living expenses生活支出。

完形填空第17，27，29，30，33，35等六个空，以其中27，29为例：

“I can’t think of anyone else better suited to 26 the part. Remember all the plays you used to act out for us?”

Roberta looked down. “I’m not interested.”

Her mother wouldn’t let the 27 drop. “You’re just a little scared (害怕) .Everyone gets scared. You know you 28 do it. The trick is to look past the 29 to find the love of what you’re doing.”

26. A. accept B. play

C. offer D. learn

27. A. role B. matter

C. interest D. grade

28. A. can B. must

C. may D. should

29. A. anger B. pain

C. sadness D. fear

答案BBAD。

阅读理解第38题猜测词义题

The underlined word “compassion” in Paragraph 6 is the closest in meaning to ________.

A. pity

B. praise

C. support

D. popularity

其猜词题段落：

“Rome has tried to protect fish more than anywhere else in the world .It stands out for recognizing that fish are interesting animals who deserve(值得)our respect and compassion every bit as much as dogs and cats and other animals,” said Karin Robertson, a director of the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.

答案A。依据“respect and ….”这一并列信息，从“情感”词还是“行为”词的角度，可以猜测出词义。

短文改错第57

……

第57题answer应当使用名词复数answers。

从上面我们可以看到，直接涉及名词题目的分值就达到13分，这足以看到名词在试卷中的分量。当然名词的分量也来自它在整个词法和语法中的地位。它和动词一样，是语法的“核心”内容，因为，其他词类都与它发生直接或间接的关系。例如：冠词限定名词，代词指代名词，形容词修饰名词，数词指代某个名词的数目，介词“连接”名词等。

从高考备考的角度，名词的重点，是要准确掌握名词的词义和弄清名词的“数”。

一、认准词义，记清搭配，学会辨析

近年来，高考有关名词的命题特点是，题干(语段)给定清晰的语境，题项采用不同词义的名词，考查同学们辨词、搭配等方面的能力。

例一： He and his wife are of the same ;they both want their son to go to college.

A. soul B. spirit

C. heart D. mind

答案D。考查异义词的辨识。“他们都想让他们的儿子上大学”，因此是“想法”一致，选择mind一词。

例二： —— You are always full of . Can you tell me the secret?

—— Taking plenty of exercise every day.

A. power B. strength

C. force D. energy

答案D。考查异义词的辨识。秘诀是“每天进行充分的锻炼”，因此才“精力充沛”，选择energy一词。

例三：The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ____ in many parts of the city.

A. look

B. sign

C. sight

D. appearance

答案C。考查名词辨析。在这座城市的很多地方，在大街上晾衣服的做法很常见。“常常看到的(景象)”，选择sight一词，与动词see相对应。

例四：Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a_____ of exercise.

A. limit B. lack

C. need D. demand

答案B。考查异义词的辨识。“……不良饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼”“缺乏，缺少”等，选择lack一词。

In Grade Eight I took physics. In one test I get only 36 percent of the answer correct. I failed the

56. ___

57. ___

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