高考英语阅读理解中猜词悟义能力的培养

四、根据转折或对比关系进行猜测

根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而根据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比等意义。如：

(NMET2002, E篇) 74.What does the underlined word“hassle”(paragraph 1) probably mean?

A. a party designed by specialists

B. a plan requiring careful thought

C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble

D. a demand made by guests

通过上下句,A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun...可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断，答案为C。

五、根据同位关系进行猜测

阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这种解释有时也用or连接。如：

1.(NMET2001, D篇)...and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language.

Anglo-Saxon也就是古英语(Q吧)（Old English），是日耳曼语(a Germanic language)的一种。

2. (NMET2002, A篇) the“Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The“Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。

六、根据构词法（转化、合成、派生等）进行猜测

在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。如：

1. (NMET2002, B篇) Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.

我们知道，prefer的意思是“宁愿、愿意、喜爱”，根据上下文可以判断prefer的名词形式preference的含义应是“偏爱、爱好”。

2. (NMET2002, E篇)“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,”Anaclerio said,“and they’re very interactive（互动）and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject...”

文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active（活动的、活跃的）而构成的，即使文中不给出其含义，根据上下文的意思也可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。

七、根据生活常识猜测词义

In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.

根据常识，在旧社会，有钱人家的姑娘出嫁当然要带很多“嫁妆”。

总之，利用各种已知信息，灵活运用猜词技巧，你就会在阅读文章时如鱼得水，游刃有余。

[责任编辑:moninfu]