二、重视整体概念,忽视细节要求
当关系代词引导一个定语从句并且在从句中充当宾语时,该从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词;如果不是,就要在该动词后加上相应介词。如果关系代词为which或whom,则要将介词放在which或whom前。可是这一细节要求常常被老师和学生忽视。注意下面的句子;
A. This is the book (that) I have learned a lot from. B. This is the book from which I have learned a lot. 上面两个句子意思都是“这就是那本让我获益非浅的书”,但由于第二句由关系代词which引导,介词from必须放在which之前。
C. Do you know the man (that) she was talking to? D. Do you know the man to whom she was talking? 你认识和她说话的那个人吗?C句中的to常常被有些同学去掉,而D句中的to常常被他们忘掉。
E. The house (that) he is living in is now a shop. F. The house in which he is living is now a shop. 他现在居住的房子现在是一个商店。道理同上。
G. The fellow (that) I spoke to made no answer. H. The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer. 和我说话的那个小伙子没作任何回答。和C句和D句一样,注意to的位置。
三、只见一叶障目,不见一片森林
定语从句中关系代词who指人,是主格,在从句中做主语;whom是宾格,在从句中作宾语;whose是所有格,在从句中作定语,是定语从句中表示所属关系的引导词,意为“……的”,既可以指人,也可以指物。然而,有些老师只告诉学生whose意为“谁的”。如:
A. He is talking with the girl whose brother is my classmate. 他正在和那个弟弟是我同学的女孩说话。
B. This is the boy whose father is our English teacher. 这就是那个父亲是我们英语教师的男孩。
可是,一旦whose出现在这样的句字里,学生就不知所云。如:
C. He lives in a house whose window opens to the south. 他住在一间窗户朝南开的房子里。(whose意为“房子的”)
I have just bought a new bike whose color is white. 我刚买了一辆白颜色的自行车。(whose意为“新自行车的”)
有些人认为whose的意思是“谁的”,只能表示人的所属关系,这是一种错误的认识,应该纠正过来。