2018年高考《英语》语法练习试题及答案（10）

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　　A

　　Visitors to the dry, hot Sonoran Desert of the southern Arizona and northern Mexico are amazed at the many­armed giants. They are the saguaro cacti (树形仙人掌), a giant which gives the landscape its __1__ appearance. In the dry desert the saguaro cacti can live for more than 200 years, grow to a __2__ of 60 feet, and have as many as 50 arms.

　　More __3__ , the saguaro cacti still persist despite the unbearable desert climate. Those that have grown to old age have __4__ droughts, freezes, flash floods, and bush fires as well as the __5__ caused by groups of rats that eat their seedlings(秧苗). Like all other desert __6__ , these leafless giants can store water for use during the desert's long dry seasons by __7__ water through their long roots.

　　Naturally, the great saguaro cacti are a(n) __8__ part of the desert life. Actually the giants may be __9__ to many animals, including woodpeckers, owls, doves, bats and insects. In addition, after a saguaro __10__ the age of 50 or so, cold­resistant flowers __11__ at the top of the plants once a year. These flowers __12__ birds, bats and bees, which come for the honey and for the tasty flowers with their black seeds.

　　__13__ the splendid saguaros are plentiful in the Southwest, they are unfortunately __14__ . These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening, and the thieves can earn thousands of dollars by uprooting and __15__ them to nurseries (苗圃). To protect these southwestern __16__ , agents for the Arizona Department of Agriculture go around and __17__ the desert. It's a most important job though a hard one. But without the saguaro cacti, many desert animals would suffer a lack of __18__ and loss of nesting sites. The Southwest, too, would __19__ something of unique importance, since these desert giants have become a __20__ of the dry region.

　　1. A. general　　　　　　 B. basic

　　C. unique D. lovely

　　2. A. length B. height

　　C. size D. width

　　3. A. pleasingly B. inspiringly

　　C. interestingly D. amazingly

　　4. A. lived through B. broken through

　　C. cut through D. got through

　　5. A. crisis B. damage

　　C. destruction D. load

　　6. A. plants B. lives

　　C. animals D. creatures

　　7. A. pouring B. squeezing

　　C. pumping D. absorbing

　　8. A. independent B. vital

　　C. original D. mysterious

　　9. A. spot B. field

　　C. home D. camp

　　10. A. turns B. takes

　　C. meets D. gains

　　11. A. come up B. come out

　　C. show off D. show up

　　12. A. call B. trap

　　C. fascinate D. stick

　　13. A. As B. But

　　C. Although D. Yet

　　14. A. in danger B. in demand

　　C. in need D. in control

　　15. A. exchanging B. trading

　　C. offering D. selling

　　16. A. treasures B. decorations

　　C. possessions D. creations

　　17. A. look over B. hand over

　　C. watch over D. turn over

　　18. A. food B. scenery

　　C. water D. flavor

　　19. A. affect B. abandon

　　C. increase D. lose

　　20. A. signal B. sign

　　C. mark D. symbol

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇环境类的说明文。文章从奇特的形状、生活特性、经济价值等方面介绍了Sonoran Desert(索诺兰沙漠)的标志性植物——树形仙人掌。

　　1.解析：根据下文可知，树形仙人掌有多达50个分枝，所以形状“独特”，故选unique“独特的”。general“普通的”;basic“基本的”;lovely“可爱的”。

　　答案：C

　　2.解析：根据前面的“giant”及后面的“60 feet”可知，此处表示的是“高度”，因此选height。length“长度”;size“尺寸”;width“宽度”。

　　答案：B

　　3.解析：根据上文可知，游客对树形仙人掌的形状会感到非常惊讶，故此处指更令人惊讶的是它们的适应能力，因此选amazingly。pleasingly“令人愉快地”;inspiringly“鼓舞人心地”;interestingly“有趣地”。

　　答案：D

　　4.解析：根据上下文可知，树形仙人掌“经历”了恶劣环境的考验，live through“经历”符合语境。break through“突破”;cut through“抄近路穿过，走近路”;get through“接通电话，通过考试”。

　　答案：A

　　5.解析：除了恶劣的气候外，树形仙人掌还要遭受老鼠的“破坏”，因此选damage。crisis“危机”;destruction“毁灭”;load“负担”。

　　答案：B

　　6.解析：此处指像沙漠里其他所有的“植物”一样，因此选plants。life“生命”;animal“动物”;creature“生物”。

　　答案：A

　　7.解析：树形仙人掌通过它们的长根茎吸收水。absorb“吸收”，符合语境。pour“倒，灌”;squeeze“挤压”;pump“抽出”。

　　答案：D

　　8.解析：根据下文可知，作为许多动物赖以生存的食物和家园，树形仙人掌是沙漠“极为重要的”部分，因此选vital“极重要的”。independent“独立的”;original“原始的”;mysterious“神秘的”。

　　答案：B

　　9.解析：根据最后一段的倒数第二句“But without the saguaro cacti... loss of nesting sites”可知，树形仙人掌可能是许多动物的栖息地。因此选home“栖息地”。spot“地点”;field“田地”;camp“营地”。

　　答案：C

　　10.解析：此处指在树形仙人掌长到50岁左右之后，故此处选turn意为“到(某年龄或某个时间)”，其后直接跟数字。take“带走”;meet“遇到”;gain“获得”。

　　答案：A

　　11.解析：根据上下文可知，这里指树形仙人掌在长到50岁左右以后每年开一次花，因此选come out“(花朵)开放”。come up“走近，被提到”;show off“炫耀”;show up“露面，到达”。

　　答案：B

　　12.解析：根据下文中的“which come for the honey”可知，树形仙人掌的花吸引了一些动物，因此此处选fascinate“迷住，深深吸引”。call“召集”;trap“困住”;stick“粘”。

　　答案：C

　　13.解析：尽管在西南这壮观的树形仙人掌很多，但它们却不幸地面临着危险。逗号前后表示让步关系，although“尽管”，符合语境。as“因为”;but“但是”;yet“然而”。

　　答案：C

　　14.解析：参见上题解析。in danger“处于危险之中”，符合语境。in demand“需求大，受欢迎”;in need“生活贫困”;in control“掌管”。

　　答案：A

　　15.解析：根据空格前的“These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening, and the thieves can earn thousands of dollars”可知，树形仙人掌被偷去卖钱，sell“卖”，符合语境。exchange“交换”;trade“从事贸易，以物易物”;offer“提供”。

　　答案：D

　　16.解析：根据全文可知，树形仙人掌是应该受到保护的沙漠珍宝，treasure“珍宝”，符合语境。decoration“装饰品”;possession“个人财产，私人物品”;creation“作品，创作”。

　　答案：A

　　17.解析：为了保护这些珍宝，Arizona农业部派代理人保护沙漠。因此选watch over“监督，保护”。look over“浏览，迅速地检查”;hand over“移交”;turn over“翻转”。

　　答案：C

　　18.解析：根据第三段的最后一句可知，树形仙人掌还是动物们的食物。没有了它们，就意味着“食物”的短缺，因此此处选food。scenery“风景”;water“水”;flavor“味道”。

　　答案：A

　　19.解析：西南部也将失去这些极具重要性的东西，因此此处选lose。affect“影响”;abandon“遗弃，放弃”;increase“增加”。

　　答案：D

　　20.解析：这些沙漠巨型植物已经变成了这个干燥区域的标志。根据句意可知，此处选symbol“标志”。signal“信号”;sign“征兆”;mark“记号”。

　　答案：D

　　B

　　I am a health psychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier. But I fear that something I've been teaching for the last 10 years is doing more harm than good and it has to do with __1__.

　　For years I've been telling people, stress makes you sick. It increases the __2__ of everything from the common cold to cardiovascular(心血管的) disease. __3__ , I've turned stress into the __4__ . But I have changed my __5__ about stress, and today, I want to change yours.

　　Let me start with the study that made me rethink the whole __6__ to stress. This study tracked 30,000 adults in the United States for eight years, and they started by asking people, “How much stress have you __7__ in the last year?” They also asked, “Do you believe that stress can __8__ your poor health?” And then they used public death records to __9__ who died. People who experienced a lot of stress in the previous year had a 43 percent __10__ risk of dying. But that was only __11__ for the people who also __12__ that stress is harmful to their health. People who experienced a lot of stress but did not __13__ stress as harmful were no more __14__ to die. In fact, they had the __15__ risk of dying, __16__ people who had relatively little stress. Now the researchers estimated that over the eight years they were tracking deaths, 182,000 Americans died prematurely(过早), not from stress, __17__ from the belief that stress is bad for them. That is over 20,000 deaths a year. Now, __18__ that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is bad for you the 15th largest __19__ of death in the United States last year, __20__ more people than skin cancer, HIV/AIDS and homicide.

　　1. A. health B. happiness

　　C.stress D. psychology

　　2. A. risk B. condition

　　C. development D. challenge

　　3. A. Definitely B. Traditionally

　　C. Similarly D. Basically

　　4. A. friend B. enemy

　　C. doctor D. patient

　　5. A. definition B. mind

　　C. explanation D. description

　　6. A. answer B. approach

　　C. response D. assumption

　　7. A. avoided B. exercised

　　C. experienced D. tracked

　　8. A. result from B. speed up

　　C. lead to D. break down

　　9. A. find out B. put out

　　C. set out D. work out

　　10. A. increased B. changed

　　C. declined D. progressed

　　11. A. false B. right

　　C. true D. wrong

　　12. A. doubted B. proved

　　C. believed D. disagreed

　　13. A. simplify B. view

　　C. describe D. elect

　　14. A. certainly B. probably

　　C. hardly D. likely

　　15.A. fastest B. latest

　　C. highest D. lowest

　　16.A. removing B. comparing

　　C. neglecting D. including

　　17.A. and B. but

　　C. nor D. or

　　18.A. if B. though

　　C. because D. until

　　19.A. number B. discovery

　　C. cause D. estimate

　　20.A. killing B. threatening

　　C. affecting D. hurting

　　【语篇解读】　一直以来人们认为压力对健康有害。但作者认为：压力是否影响你，取决于你对压力的态度。

　　1.解析：根据下文多次提到的“stress”可知，此处指作者所教授的内容与压力有关，故填stress。

　　答案：C

　　2.解析：此处指压力可以增加患病风险。risk“风险”，符合语境。下文中的“risk of dying”是提示。

　　答案：A

　　3.解析：此处指基本上作者把压力当作敌人。basically“基本上”，符合语境。

　　答案：D

　　4.解析：参见上题解析。

　　答案：B

　　5.解析：但作者对压力的看法已经改变了。change one's mind“改变主意，改变想法”，为固定用法。

　　答案：B

　　6.解析：此处表示作者先来谈谈使他重新考虑他对压力的看法的研究。approach“方法，态度”，符合语境。

　　答案：B

　　7.解析：在过去一年中你感受到了多少压力?experience“感受，体会，体验”，符合语境。

　　答案：C

　　8.解析：根据下文对研究的叙述可知，此处指研究人员问：“你相信压力会对健康有害吗?”lead to“导致”，符合语境。

　　答案：C

　　9.解析：研究人员以公开的死亡统计查明被追踪的人中谁去世了。find out“弄清，查明”，符合语境。

　　答案：A

　　10.解析：在去年感受到很多压力的人的死亡率会增加43%。

　　答案：A

　　11.解析：但这只适用于那些也相信压力对健康有害的人。that's true for...“这适用于……”。

　　答案：C

　　12.解析：参见上题解析。doubt“怀疑”;prove“证明是”;believe“相信”;disagree“不同意”。

　　答案：C

　　13.解析：感受到很大压力的人若不将压力视为对健康有害，他们的死亡风险就不可能升高。view... as...“把……看作……”。

　　答案：B

　　14.解析：参见上题解析。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，符合语境。

　　答案：D

　　15.解析：事实上，他们的死亡风险最低。故D项正确。

　　答案：D

　　16.解析：此处指包括那些压力相对较小的研究参与者，故include“包含，包括”，符合句意。

　　答案：D

　　17.解析：研究人员估计，在过去八年的时间里他们所追踪的死亡人数中，182 000个美国人过早死亡不是因为压力，而是因为他们相信压力对健康有害。not...but...“不是……而是……”是固定搭配。故B项正确。

　　答案：B

　　18.解析：此处是说如果这个估计是正确的。if“如果”在此引导条件状语从句。

　　答案：A

　　19.解析：此处指“相信压力对健康有害”就成为美国去年的第15大死因。故cause“起因”，符合句意。

　　答案：C

　　20.解析：由前文的“Now, __18__ that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is...”可知应选A。kill“杀害”。

　　答案：A

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