2011年高考英语必考40个重要句型分类精讲

 

　　句型31

　　(从句)If + were/did(动词的过去式)，(主句)主语 + would/might/should/could + do(表示对现在情况的假设)

　　[例句]

　　If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不会如此自负。

　　I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.

　　If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我处在你的位置，我会好好考虑它。

　　句型32

　　(从句)If + had done, (主句)主语+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设)

　　[例句]

　　What a pity it is that you didn’t attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.

　　真遗憾昨天你没有去听音乐会。如果你去了，就能见到那位著名歌手。

　　Anyone in his position would have done the same.

　　=If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何处在他位置的人都会这样做的。

　　句型33

　　(从句)If + were/did(动词过去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主语+ would/might/should/could + do(表示对将来的假设)

　　[例句]

　　If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn’t matter at all. 万一他拒绝了，那也没关系。

　　If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?

　　万一高考不中，你该怎么办?

　　句型34虚拟语气条件句的倒装

　　在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟倒装句。

　　[例句]

　　Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他还这样做，就要受罚。

　　Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是医生及时到达，小孩就会得救。

　　Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

　　Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house.

　　句型35

　　if only引起的感叹句，相当于 “How I wish + 宾语从句”，意思是“但愿……;要是……就好了”

　　[例句]

　　If only he could come! 他要是能来就好了!

　　If only we students didn’t have so much homework!要是没有这么多的作业该多好!

　　If only I hadn’t been so careless in the exam! 我当时没有那么粗心就好了!

　　句型36

　　if it were not for… (= were it not for…)

　　if it hadn’t been for… (= had it not been for…)“要不是因为有……;如果不是……”

　　[注意]这种结构中不能用否定结构的缩写形式，即不能用weren’t it for…)

　　[例句]

　　If it hadn’t been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved. 要不是船长一直坚强，船上的旅客就不会得救。

　　If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn’t live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有钱，你的生活不会如此安逸。

　　If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因为经费问题，我现在就出国了。

　　句型37

　　“but for + 名词”和“but that +从句”，意思是“倘若不是;要不是”，接虚拟语气

　　[例句]

　　But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.)

　　如果没有空气和水，什么东西都难以生存。

　　But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

　　= If it hadn’t been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。

　　But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的话，我们无法实施那项计划。

　　She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非亲眼所见，她是不会相信的。

　　句型38

　　在动词insist(1坚持做某事)，order, command(2命令), advise, suggest, propose(3建议做某事)，demand, require, request, ask(4要求)等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语+ (should) + 动词原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+动词原形结构。

　　[例句]

　　Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o’clock.(宾语从句)

　　We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once.

　　It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主语从句)

　　The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位语从句)

　　That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.(表语从句)

　　[注意1]

　　advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名词引导的同位语从句或表语从句，谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形。

　　[注意2]

　　It’s suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。

　　[注意3]suggest意思是“表明，暗示;说明”时;insist意思是“坚持观点，坚持看法”时，句子不能用虚拟语气。

　　[例句]

　　He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他坚持说自己是无辜的。

　　He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他坚持说没有做错事情。

　　Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你是在暗示说我不适合做那项工作?

　　The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 脸上的表情说明老师对结果感到满意。

　　句型39

　　It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+动词原形

　　[例句]

　　It’s necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先参加考试。

　　With the society developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要精通英语和电脑。

　　句型40

　　It’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示“竟然”

　　[例句]

　　It’s a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遗憾她错过了机会。

　　It’s really surprising that a prophecy(预言)should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人惊讶的是，预言和事实竟然如此巧合。

　　It’s strange that he shouldn’t pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。

　　句型41

　　prefer

　　(1) prefer to do sth

　　例：I prefer to stay at home. 我宁愿呆在家里。

　　(2) prefer doing sth

　　例：I prefer playing in defence. 我喜欢打防守。

　　(3) prefer sb to do sth

　　例：Would you prefer me to stay? 你愿意我留下来吗?

　　(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……宁愿…...而不愿.…".

　　例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out

　　我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.

　　(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth

　　例：I prefer watching football to playing it.

　　我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。

　　(6) prefer sth to sth

　　例：I prefer tea to coffee. 我要茶不要咖啡。

　　句型42

　　seem

　　(1) It +seems + that从句

　　例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied. 看来好像每个人都很满意。

　　(2) It seems to sb that ---

　　例：It seems to me that she is right. 我看她是对的，

　　(3) There seems to be ----

　　例：There seems to be a heavy rain. 看上去要有一场大雨。

　　(4) It seems as if ----

　　例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.看样子她不能来上课了。

　　句型43

　　表示“相差……;增加了……;增加到……”句型：

　　(1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸

　　(2) There is one year between us. 我们之间相差一岁。

　　(3) She is three years old than I 她比我大三岁。

　　(4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他们把价格上涨了50%

　　句型44

　　too句型：

　　(1) too...to do sth.

　　例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.

　　(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)

　　政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。

　　(2) only too --- to do sth

　　例：I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家里就非常高兴。

　　(3) too + adj + for sth

　　例：These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿这双鞋太小了。

　　(4) too + adj + a + n.

　　例：This is too difficult a text for me. 这篇课文对我来说太难了。

　　(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过

　　例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

　　我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

　　句型45

　　before 句型：

　　(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……

　　例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.

　　我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸

　　(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……

　　例：It will be 4 years before he graduates. 他还有四年时间变毕业了。

　　(3) had done some time before (才……)

　　例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

　　我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。

　　(4) had not done --- before --- 不到……就……

　　例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

　　我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。

　　(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……

　　例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.

　　还没到两年他们离开了那国家。

　　句型46

　　用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型：

　　(1) should like to/ would like to/ would love to have done sth.

　　例：You should like to have written to your mother.

　　你本应当给你母亲写信。

　　(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)

　　例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.

　　Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。

　　(3) was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原来的计划和安排

　　例：Lily was going to have cleaned her bedroom, but she had no time.

　　Lily 原打算清理她的卧室，但她没时间。

　　(4) expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think,

　　want, wish ...

　　常用过去完成时态,在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式;

　　或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望

　　例：She had supposed him to be very rich. 她原以为他很有钱。

　　(5) wish that …had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望.

　　例：I wish he had been here yesterday. 要是他昨天在这儿就好了。

　　(6) 情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，

　　表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情.

　　should have done =ought to have done 本应该做而没做

　　would have done = 本来就会去做某事而没做

　　could have done = 本可以做某事而没做

　　might have done 本可以做而没做

　　例：They ought to have apologized. 他们本该道歉的。

　　句型47

　　倍数句型：

　　(1)倍数+比较级+than...，

　　例：The room is twice larger than that one.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。

　　There is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark.

　　(2)倍数+as+原级+as...，

　　例：The room is three times as large as that one.

　　这个房间是那个房间的三倍。

　　(3)倍数+the size /height/length /weight /width of...

　　例：The room is three times the size of that one.

　　这个房间是那个房间的3倍大。

　　句型48

　　比较句型：

　　(1)原级比较：

　　例：English is not so difficult a subject as Russia.

　　英语不是和像俄语一样难的科目。

　　Their bones are not as thick as adults’.

　　他们的骨头和成年人的不一样厚。

　　(2)一方超过另一方：

　　例：The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year.

　　今年的气候比上一年的气候要热得多。

　　(3)一方不如另一方：

　　例：The restoration was so bad that it made some of the buildings less secure than they had been before.

　　修复工作是如此的糟，以致于它使得一些建筑没有以前安全了。

　　(4) The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

　　The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~

　　(愈...愈...)

　　例：The harder you work, the more progress you make.

　　你愈努力，你愈进步。

　　The more books we read, the more learned we become.

　　我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

　　(5) more…. than…与其说…倒不如说

　　例：Smith is more diligent than intelligent.

　　与其说Smith聪明倒不如说他勤奋。

　　(6) no +形容词比较级+ than = as +形容词的反义词+ as

　　例：I am no better at English than you. 我的英语不比你好。

　　(7) that 在前后比较中代替不可数名词和特指的单数可数名词

　　例：The traditional picture of St Nicholas is quite different from that

　　of Father Christmas.

　　(8) one 在前后比较中代替泛指的单数可数名词。

　　例：I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Nanjing, because I want to live near

　　my Mom's. 与南京相比我更喜欢在北京有一套公寓，因为我想跟我妈妈住一起。

　　(9) those 在前后比较中代替 特指的复数可数名词。

　　例：Salaries are higher here than those in my country.

　　这儿的工资比我们国家的高。

　　(10) ones 在前后比较中代替泛指的复数可数名词

　　例：Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact far more serious ones

　　than mobile phones do.汽车确实给我们的身体健康带来问题，事实上比手机造成的问题更严重。

　　句型49

　　感叹句型：

　　(1) What a + Adj + N + S + V!

　　例：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

　　信守我们的诺言是多么的重要啊!

　　(2) How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)

　　例：How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

　　遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

　　(3) How + S + V!

　　例句：How I want to go to Beijing. 我多么想去北京啊!

　　句型50

　　表法猜测的句型：

　　(1) must have done sth 一定做过某事 否定形式：can't have done

　　例：She must have come here last night. 她一定是昨晚来的。

　　She can't have gone there 她不可能到那儿去。

　　(2) may have done sth 可能做过某事 否定形式：may not have done

　　例：Philip may have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

　　Philip 可能在这次车祸中伤得很严重。

　　(3) might have done sth 或许做过某事 否定形式: might not have done

　　例：She might have known what the bottle contained.

　　她或许知道这个瓶子里装的是什么。

　　(4) should have done sth 估计已经做了某事

　　否定形式：should not have done

　　例：She should have arrived in her office by now.

　　她此刻估计已经到达办公室了。

　　句型51

　　动词不定式常用句型：

　　(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.

　　某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事.

　　例句：It took me years of hard work to speak good English.

　　为了讲一口流利的英语,我花了多年时间刻苦操练.

　　(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth

　　例：Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to break away from the

　　Union. 林肯说南方脱离联邦是不对的。

　　It was careless of Tom to break the cup.

　　(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……别无选择.

　　例句：We had no choice but to take a taxi for we'd missed the last bus.

　　由于错过了最后一班公共汽车,除了乘坐的士,我们别无选择.

　　(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.

　　例：lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most

　　important thing in life.

　　上课迟到不像吉姆的一贯作风,他把时间看作是生命中最重要的.

　　(5) ....形容词/副词+enough to do sth.

　　例：I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa..

　　(6) It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)

　　例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。