2014年上海高三一模考试《英语》试题

　　Section A

　　Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　More and more shoppers are buying things online these days, allowing them to avoid 51 salespeople and long lines at checkout counters. In spite of online convenience, 52 , there are some items — like clothes — that customers prefer to 53 before buying. In light of this, two companies are finding ways to modernize stores and 54 the gap between online and in-store retail (零售).

　　A software company that also happens to sell designer jeans, Hointer has created a fast and painless shopping 55 for its customers.

　　Shoppers walk into a Hointer store and select one of the many pairs of jeans 56 down from bars. Then they point their smartphones at the tag and 57 the Hointer app, after which they select the size and press “try on.” The app then directs them to a specific dressing room. German-made robots bring out the 58 jeans and deliver them through a chute (斜槽) to the dressing room in about 30 seconds. Immediately after 59 pairs of jeans are dropped through another chute, the “outbox,” they disappear from the list in the app.

　　Purchases at Hointer are made with a swipe (刷卡) of a credit card. And interacting with a salesperson is optional! This allows Hointer to hire fewer people and focus on their ultimate goal: developing 60 that supports a retail revolution.

　　Men’s clothing retailer Bonobos has 61 a more personalized shopping experience. Although it is — in fact — an online retailer, Bonobos has decided to open a handful of brick-and-mortar stores called Guideshops. Shoppers make a(n) 62 online before arriving at a Guideshop, where they receive one-on-one 63 from a fitting guide. Because these shops have limited inventories (存货), shoppers aren’t able to take home the outfits they select. But guides help shoppers make online purchases before they leave, after which the items will be 64 to customers in one or two days.

　　While Hointer focuses on convenience, Bonobos Guideshops focus on customer service. But both efforts have one thing 65 : giving clothing retailers a new look for the 21st century.

　　51. A. respectable B. considerate C. aggressive D. violent

　　52. A. however B. therefore C. anyway D. moreover

　　53. A. convince B. guarantee C. ensure D. examine

　　54. A. break B. bridge C. shallow D. deepen

　　55. A. experience B. mall C. direction D. principle

　　56. A. hiding B. hanging C. storing D. labeling

　　57. A. start B. upload C. save D. download

　　58. A. desired B. well-designed C. promoted D. well-prepared

　　59. A. qualified B. wanted C. chosen D. unwanted

　　60. A. employment B. efficiency C. technology D. market

　　61. A. come up with B. looked forward to C. looked up D. brought up

　　62. A. decision B. appointment C. contribution D. impression

　　63. A. contact B. instruction C. notice D. attention

　　64. A. presented B. packaged C. delivered D. transferred

　　65. A. in conclusion B. in common C. as usual D. in general

　　Section B

　　Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

　　(A)

　　Any snakebite can be dangerous if infection sets in. Some types of snake poison make the bite area swollen (肿胀的) or painful. Others cause bleeding or damage the heart’s nerves. Here are some especially dangerous snakes:

　　The largest of all poisonous snakes, king cobras can reach 5.5 meters in length. Each king cobra bite contains enough poison to kill an elephant — or 20 people. But these big snakes usually avoid people. They live throughout India, southern China and Southeast Asia.

　　A bite from Australia’s inland taipan, the world’s most poisonous snake, releases enough poison to kill 100 men. The good news is that people rarely come in contact with this snake, and a treatment for its poison exists.

　　Russell’s viper lives throughout Asia, including India, southern China, and on the island of Taiwan. It prefers grassy fields but can be found in forests and urban areas. It bites more people and causes more deaths than any other poisonous snake.

　　Though short, the common Indian krait packs a powerful punch (攻击) in its bite. Most often, it strikes people at night while they are sleeping. Since the bite causes little pain, victims are often not sure that they have been bitten until they begin to experience stomach cramps (痉挛). Without treatment, symptoms will worsen quickly and can lead to death.

　　The black mamba, a native of Africa, is actually olive or grey in color. Only the inside of its mouth is black. When black mambas feel threatened by a human, they make a loud hissing sound to warn the person away. If the warning is ignored, the snake will attack the person repeatedly. And they can attack quickly, moving over the ground at speeds of up to 20 kilometers per hour.

　　66. According to this article, what is a particular feature of the king cobra?

　　A. Its seasonal changes. B. Its lack of movement.

　　C. Its sense of hearing. D. Its remarkable size.

　　67. According to this article, which of the following is known for its speed?

　　A. The inland taipan. B. The black mamba.

　　C. The Indian krait. D. The Russell’s viper.

　　68. What does the article imply about the inland taipan?

　　A. It was once believed to be extinct.

　　B. A chance meeting with it could be fatal.

　　C. Some people keep one as a pet.

　　D. Very little is known about its behavior.

　　69. In which magazine would you most likely find this article?

　　A. Let’s Explore Nature B. Weekly Travel Digest

　　C. Psychology Magazine D. Global Warning News

　　(B)

　　Basketball, baseball and soccer are classic sports that people will always enjoy. And yet we keep changing popular games like these in new ways to keep them fresh.

　　Though these sports may not be common, give them a look or even a try.

　　70. Why does the author think Underwater Hockey is a true team sport?

　　A. Because all players in a team wear the same flippers and use a stick to hit a puck.

　　B. Because each player in a team has to cooperate with other team members in the match.

　　C. Because it is played underwater, the game is more dangerous than the sports played on land.

　　D. Because each team earns points by hitting the puck into its underwater goal.

　　71. In Chessboxing, the winner will be the one who _____.

　　A. wins both in chess and in boxing

　　B. defeats his opponent in chess

　　C. wins in chess or in boxing

　　D. can knock his opponent out of the boxing ring

　　72. According to the article, at most how many players in all can take part in a Bossaball match?

　　A. 4. B. 6. C. 8. D. 10.

　　73. In Cycleball, the author mentions catch, whose meaning may be _____.

　　A. sport B. skill C. rule D. practice

　　( C )

　　Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls (民意调查), sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable, nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.

　　A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.

　　The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunities to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.

　　Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness. Those who have good relationship with other family members are happier than those who live alone. Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factors.

　　It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time.

　　Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods, but are not necessarily happier adults.

　　The best formula (准则) for happiness is to be able to develop AQ (Adversity Quotient that can be of great benefit when running into trouble), to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.

　　74. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

　　A. happiness is neither predictable nor apparent

　　B. a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happy

　　C. the rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group

　　D. happiness is not necessarily connected to one’s situation in society

　　75. According to the article, happiness is greatly dependent upon _____.

　　A. a happy childhood in which one can do whatever he likes

　　B. great wealth with which one can buy anything

　　C. a feeling that conditions are becoming for the better

　　D. a college degree that can help one achieve great success

　　76. The letters AQ in the last paragraph most probably mean _____.

　　A. ambition to defeat others in a severe competition

　　B. ability to overcome difficulty and get out of embarrassing situation

　　C. methods of solving difficult problems and challenges in life

　　D. attitudes towards severe competition especially in trouble

　　77. The best title of this passage may be _____.

　　A. What Does Happiness Consist in

　　B. Happiness and Unhappiness

　　C. Different Kinds of Happiness

　　D. Causes of Happiness and Unhappiness

　　Section C

　　Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

　　Millions of personal computers across the world are running at this moment, but most are using just a fraction of their full capacity to process information. Imagine what could happen if the spare power of these millions of machines were used to solve global problems.

　　The organization Charity Engine attempts to do just that. It enables researchers and companies to use the extra computing power of thousands of personal computers. These companies pay a usage fee that goes to carefully selected charities.

　　The computers

　　Charity Engine offers a free app that has the user’s computer do research as a background task. The program runs automatically, without direction from the user. Each computer works on a small chunk of a larger project and sends back its results. The results are combined to answer the researchers’ questions.

　　The researchers

　　Charity Engine mostly uses its computing power for companies doing scientific, medical or commercial research. For example, Rosetta@home attempts to help find cures for serious diseases by discovering the shapes of proteins. Another project, Einstein@Home, tests scientific theories. And another helps establishments in Africa such as universities search for ways to fight the spread of malaria.

　　The Charities

　　Charity Engine gives 50 percent of the profits from renting out computing power to various charities. Each organization it supports has a good reputation for working in an area of vital importance. Most of them seek to address the primary causes of poverty while bringing short-term relief. These include Oxfam, a network of organizations in 94 countries. Another is CARE International, one of the three largest international aid agencies, which works in 87 countries. Charity Engine also supports Doctors Without Borders, which supplies medical care, and WaterAid, which provides safe water and promotes hygiene (卫生) in developing countries. Another of its charities, Sightsavers, works to prevent and reverse blindness through medical treatments and provides training for the blind. Charity Engine helps many other organizations as well.

　　An added bonus

　　Charity Engine returns the other 50 percent of its earnings to the people who made it all possible. The app users are entered into draws. Chosen at random, the winners receive thousands of dollars in prizes!

　　Thanks to Charity Engine, computing power that would have gone to waste is fighting poverty and bringing healing and hope.

　　(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

　　78. What does Charity Engine help companies do?

　　___________________________________________________________________________.

　　79. How does Charity Engine spend its earnings?

　　___________________________________________________________________________.

　　80. The computers selected by Charity Engine help researchers and companies through ________.

　　81. According to the passage, besides many organizations, Charity Engine mostly supports _____.

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