第 1 页:主谓一致考点 |
第 2 页:主谓一致专练 |
第 3 页:参考答案及解析: |
(一) 当主语是单数可数名词、不可数名词、(疑问词+)to do结构、动词-ing形式、主语从句、复合不定代词、表单位数量的时间、距离、金钱、重量、复数形式的学科名词(physics, politics)、国家或组织名称(the United States, the United Nations)等,谓语动词常用单数。
提示:what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。 (如:What we need are good doctors. 我们需要的是好医生。)
如果强调数目,谓语动词用复数。如:More than twenty years have passed since we graduated. 我们毕业后已经过了二十多年。
【考例1】
All the scientific evidence _____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health. (2012湖南)
A. show; are B. shows; are
C. show; is D. shows; is
解析:D。evidence与use在句中均为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。
【考例2】
Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _____ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2012安徽)
A. keeps B. keep
C. have kept D. had kept
解析:A。Walmart属于专有名词,谓语应用单数形式。
(二) 在“名词/代词+介宾结构+谓语+……”结构中,谓语动词与名词/代词保持一致,介宾结构看作修饰成分。该结构中的常见介词及短语介词有with/together with/along with/as well as/like/rather than/but/except/besides / including / in addition to等。
【考例】
The famous musician, as well as his students, _____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (2013福建)
A. were invited B. was invited
C. have been invited D. has been invited
解析:B。主语为The famous musician,as well as…起修饰作用,根据2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知,描述的是过去的事,因此用一般过去时。
(三) “all/a lot/plenty/part/the rest/most /分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于of后的名词或代词的数。表示复数概念用复数动词,表示单数概念用单数动词。
【考例1】
The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)
A. is B. are C. was D. were
解析:D。which指代前面的the raw materials,为复数形式,因此谓语动词用复数。本句描述过去的事情,因此应用一般过去时。
【考例2】
One-third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ black people. (2011湖南)
A. is; are B. is; is
C. are; are D. are; is
解析: A。the majority of+可数名词复数结构作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
(四)a number of/an average of/a total of等+可数名词复数构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;而the number of/the average of/the total of等+名词构成短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;
“a great(large)/small number of,many,a few,few, a good(great) many, dozens of, scores of+可数名词复数”结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。
a little, little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of一般只修饰不可数名词,其谓语动词用单数形式。(如:A great deal of petrol is wasted. )
【考例1】
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____ rising steadily since 1990. (2009山东)
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
解析:C。本句的主语为The number of…结构。
【考例2】
Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry. (2005辽宁)
A. is working B. works
C. work D. worked
解析:C。句中a large number of…作主语,意为“大量的……”。
(五)“one of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。但“one of+复数名词”结构后接定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用复数形式;而在“the only/ right/ very one of+名词+关系代词+从句谓语”结构中,从句谓语动词用单数。
【考例1】
Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ____ evening dress. (2010全国Ⅱ)
A. wear B. wears
C. has worn D. have worn
解析:B。从句先行词为the only one of the women,从句谓语动词用单数。
【考例2】
At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ____ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西)
A. is B. are C. will be D. was
解析:A。该句是one of...结构充当主语。
(六) pairs of/amounts of/quantities of...等构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; a pair of(表示一双,一条时)/an amount of / a series of构成短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
【考例1】
— Why does the lake smell terrible?
— Because large quantities of water _____. (2009福建)
A. have polluted B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
解析: D。该句是quantities of构成的短语作主语,所以谓语动词用复数形式。
【考例2】
As a result of destroying the forests, a large ____ of desert ____ covered the land. (2001上海)
A. number; has B. quantity; has
C. number; have D. quantity; have
解析:B。 a number of后通常接可数名词复数,该句desert是不可数名词, a large quantity of后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词;a quantity of后面加的desert为不可数名词,所以谓语动词用单数形式。
(七) and连接并列主语表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,表示不同概念时谓语动词常用复数形式。
【考例1】
A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江苏)
A. is B. are C. was D. were
解析:A。句意:一位诗人兼艺术家明天下午要给我们做关于中国文学和绘画的报告。该题由and连接两个名词作主语,但第二个名词前没有冠词,因此指的是同一人,故谓语用单数形式。注意:由and连接的两个带冠词单数名词,表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: The tenth and the last chapter were written by his father.
【考例2】
Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet. (2007浙江)
A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
解析:A。 when and where指的是“做讲座的时间和地点”这一个概念,可用单数形式。由yet可知应用完成时态。
【注意】如表示不同的概念,则要用复数。如:When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
(八) cattle/police/people/clothes/goods以及复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
(九)单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常根据句意来确定。常见的这类词有deer / fish / means / sheep / species / works等。如: All means have been tried. 各种手段都试过了。 One means is still to be tried. 还有一种手段尚待一试。
(十)主语是集合名词family / government / public / audience等,表示强调整体时谓语动词用单数,如强调个体谓语动词用复数。
考点二、谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致
(一) either…or…/neither…nor…/not only…but also…/not…but…/or等连接并列主语时,谓语动词单复数由最靠近它的主语决定;
(二)在倒装句中,谓语动词单复数由其后面的主语决定。
【考例1】
Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南)
A. are B. is C. have D. be
解析:B。该句主语由either…or…连接,根据就近一致原则,谓语动词与one of your students保持一致。
【考例2】
—Is everyone here?
—Not yet... Look, there _____ the rest of our guests! (2010江苏)
A. come B. comes
C. is coming D. are coming
解析:A。 此倒装句中,谓语动词单复数由其后面的主语the rest of our guests决定。 D项形式为“进行”,实际表示“将来”,不符合题意。
考点三、常见固定格式的主语
(一) 由each...and (each)..., every...and (every)..., many a ...and (many a )..., no... and (no)...等结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
【考例】
— Did you go to the show last night?
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ____invited. (2008陕西)
A. were B. have been
C. has been D. was
解析:D。 and连接并列名词并且被every等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。该句描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。
(二) many a(n)+单数名词及more than one+单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而more+复数名词+than+one作主语时,谓语动词用复数;one or two +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; a + 单数名词 + or two作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
如: One or two reasons were suggested. 提出了一两条理由。 A day or two is enough. 一两天就够了。
【考例】
It is reported that many a new house ____ at present in the disaster area. (2010陕西)
A. are being built B. were being built
C. was being built D. is being built
解析:D。many a修饰主语,谓语动词用单数。再根据at present可知“正在被修建”,应该用现在进行时的被动语态。
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