2020年高考英语抢分题型专练及答案(14)

　　Ⅲ. 任务型阅读

　　(2015·南通模拟)

　　请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意: 每个空格只填一个单词。

　　You say you want to be alone? Think again. Researchers have found that older people with fewer human contacts are more likely to die-even if they’re happy in their isolation(孤立状态)-than people with richer social lives. The study adds to the debate over whether loneliness, social isolation, or some combination of the two leads to higher death rate.

　　Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others. Loneliness, on the other hand, is an emotional state felt by people who are dissatisfied with their social connections.

　　To find out the effects of being alone versus(比对)just feeling lonely, Steptoe of University College London and his colleagues examined data from 6, 500 Britons aged 50 and up who had filled out questionnaires evaluating their levels of loneliness.

　　The most socially isolated subjects had a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age, and other factors linked to survival were taken into account, the researchers report online today. They then made changes about their model to determine whether the connection to death was due to the fact that isolated people are often lonely. It wasn’t.

　　The researchers then explored the connection between loneliness itself and death. Intense loneliness also appeared to raise the risk of death by 26% -until the team took into account a host of other factors linked to survival, including wealth, education, and the presence of health problems. Once their impact had been explained, the scientists discovered that loneliness on its own didn’t make people more vulnerable(脆弱的)to death.

　　The researchers suspect that older people who have few social ties may not be getting the care they need. No one is urging them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a crisis no one is there to help.

　　Other researchers praise the new work as rigorous(严密的)and well-controlled. But they say it’s far from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate.

　　Other studies, including an analysis of older Americans led by John Cacioppo, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, have shown a link between loneliness and a higher death rate. Cacioppo suspects that the disagreement between his study and the new research could lie with cultural differences between Steptoe’s British subjects and Americans, and that Britons and Americans may define friends differently, too.

　　Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the University of Utah praises the new study, but he says that researchers are still far from understanding how those two factors affect one another and other health-related behaviors.

　　Dangers of Isolation Passage outline Supporting details The finding of a new study and its impact ·Social isolation may(1) ________ older people’s risk of death.

　　·More(2) ________ is caused over older people’s higher death rate. The differences between social isolation and loneliness ·Social isolation means that people hardly(3) ________ with others or stay alone.

　　·Loneliness means that people are not satisfied with their social connections or(4) ________ lonely. The conclusion of the research ·The isolation actually led to a greater risk of dying, but(5) ________ itself couldn’t cause the higher death rate.

　　·The cause of higher death rate might lie in their lack of good care and timely(6) ________ . The(7) ________ of others’ ·It was still(8) ________ that social isolation rather than loneliness is the real cause of higher death rate.

　　·Cultural differences between Britons and Americans might explain the(9) ________ result of the study by John Cacioppo.

　　·There is still a long way to go before(10) ________ how those two factors affect one another.

　　 1. 【解析】increase/raise。原文词汇。根据第五段中appeared to raise the risk of death可知。

　　2. 【解析】debate。原文词汇。根据第一段中“adds to the debate over. . . ”可知。

　　3. 【解析】communicate。转换词汇。根据第二段have little communication with others可知。此空填谓语动词形式, 故用动词communicate。

　　4. 【解析】feel。转换词汇。根据第二段中“an emotional state felt”和第三段中的“just feeling lonely”可知此空填feel。

　　5. 【解析】loneliness。原文词汇。根据第五段最后的“loneliness on its own didn’t make. . . ”可知。

　　6. 【解析】help。转换词汇。根据第六段最后的“is there to help”可知。此空的help是名词。

　　7. 【解析】opinions/views/ideas。概括性词汇。根据表格右栏内容可知。

　　8. 【解析】unclear/vague/ambiguous。转换词汇。根据倒数第三段中的“far from clear”可知。

　　9. 【解析】different。转换词汇。根据倒数第二段最后一句的“define friends differently”可知。

　　10. 【解析】understanding。原文词汇。根据原文最后一段中的far from understanding可知。

　　【语篇随练分析阅读理解中的句子。

　　1. An analysis of the latest data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study found that people who eat purple and blue fruits and vegetables are at a reduced risk for high blood pressure and are less likely to be overweight.

　　句式分析: 句中含有两个从句, 第一个是that引导的宾语从句; 第二个是who引导的定语从句修饰people。

　　自主翻译: 2. A food and health expert says that blue and purple foods can prevent blood mass formation, and they also lower the risk of cancer.

　　句式分析: 句中含有that引导的两个宾语从句。

　　自主翻译: 答案：1. 来自全国健康和营养状况调查的最新分析数据发现, 吃紫色和蓝色水果和蔬菜的人患高血压的风险低并且不太可能超重。

　　2. 一个食品卫生专家说, 蓝色和紫色的食物可以防止血癖的形成, 并且也能够降低患癌症的风险。

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