2011高考英语语法考点讲练：主从复合句

　　II.状语从句

　　状语从句是每年高考必考的内容，在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰，以及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。

　　1.时间状语从句

　　由下列连词引导：when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,as soon as,now that,hardly…when,

　　scarcely…when,no sooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词(短语)或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly,instantly,immediately,by the time，the moment,the second,the minute,the instant,every time,each time,next time,the last time等

　　重点内容如下：

　　①when,while,as引导的时间状语从句

　　▲as表示"当……的时候"，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。

　　She came up as I was cooking.(同时)

　　The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)

　　▲when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。

　　It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)

　　When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)

　　When we arrived there,the film had already begun.(先后发生)

　　▲while意思是"当……的时候"或"在某一段时间里"。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。

　　Please don't talk so loud while/when others are working.

　　He fell asleep while/when reading.

　　Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when，这里的while意思是"趁……")

　　②before状语从句的重点句型

　　▲……之后……才：It was a long time before I got to sleep .

　　▲不多久……就：It wasn't long before he told me about the affair.

　　▲不等……就：Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.

　　▲刚……就：He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.

　　▲先……再：You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.

　　③since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式(包括过去完成时)，则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态，从句意思是肯定的。

　　▲He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未来看我。(不在生病了)

　　▲He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未来看我。

　　▲I haven't heard from him since he lived here.

　　自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。(不住在这儿了)

　　▲I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我们附近以来，我对他很了解。

　　▲It's three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)

　　▲It's three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since he joined the army.

　　我入伍已三年了。

　　④如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的，则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的，则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首，只有until从句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首时主句要倒装。

　　2.原因状语从句

　　由下列连词引导：as(由于),because(因为), since(既然),now (that) (既然), considering that(顾及到), seeing that(由于)。

　　I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)

　　He couldn't have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。

　　Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

　　由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会

　　Now that/Since you are all here, let's try and reach a decision.

　　既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧

　　As she was ill, she didn't come to the party.

　　由于病了，她没来参加晚会。

　　Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

　　考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。

　　重点内容如下：

　　①because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only,just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。如You shouldn't get angry just because some people speak ill of you.另外注意与not连用时否定的转移。He didn't do such a thing because he was afraid of his wife.他并不是因为怕他的妻子才做这样的事。

　　Cf:He didn't do such a thing,because he was afraid of his wife.因为怕妻子，他没有做这样的事。

　　because引导的从句可以被强调：

　　It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL

　　②as语气较弱，since语气也较弱，但比as正式一些,所说明的原因比较明显或是已知的事实，多用于口语中，所以不应该强调。常置于句首。

　　As all the seats were full,he stood there.

　　Since you are going,I'll go,too.

　　③for虽解释为"因为"但只是一个并列连词，它引导的是并列句，不是原因状语从句。

　　The day was short,for it was December.

　　3.地点状语从句

　　由下列连词引导:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。

　　Anywhere he went,he got warm welcome.

　　The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.

　　Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。

　　Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

　　You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.

　　哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)