2011高考英语语法考点讲练：主从复合句

分类

指代

引导词

关系代词

人

who, whom, that, as

事物

which, that, as

人或物（表所属关系）

whose

关系副词

地点

where

时间

when

原因

why

   关系代词

指代

例句

解释

who

人

The man who helped you is Mr White.

在定从中作主语

whom

That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.

在定从中作宾语，可省略

whose

He is the father whose son studies very well in our class.

在定从中作定语

that

I´m not the fool that you thought me to be.

在定从中作表语

as

He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.

在定从中作宾语

that

事物

The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.

在定从中作宾语

which

A dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words

在定从中作主语

whose

He lives in a room whose window faces south

在定从中作定语

as

It is such a big stone as nobody can lift.

在定从中作宾语

整句内容

As is known to all, he is the best student.

在定从中作主语

   关系副词

指代

例句

解释

when

时间

Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?

在定从中作状语

where

地点

The house where they live is not very large.

在定从中作状语

why

原因

This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.

在定从中作状语

情   况

用法说明

例   句

只用that的情况

①先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时

②先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时

③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

④先行词既指人又指物时

⑤先行词被the only, the very修饰时

⑥句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时

①He told me everything that he knows.

②All the books that you offered has been given out.

③This is the best film that I have ever read.

④We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

⑤He is the only man that I want to see.

⑥Who is the man that is making a speech?

只用which, who, whom的情况

①在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人

②在由"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。

③先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。

①He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

②I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

③Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

只用that，in which或不用关系词的情况

the way做先行词时

①Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.

②I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood.

③What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it.

A. the way          B. in the way that

C. in the way             D. the way which

从句

区   别

例   句

限制性

定语从句中

名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which

He is not such a fool as he looks.

Don't read such books as you can't understand.

非限制性

定语从句中

as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有"正如，象"的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无"正如"的意思。

They won the game, as we had expected.

They won the game, which we hadn't expected.

As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.

the same... as和

the same ...that

the same... as指同类事物

the same ...that 指原物

That's the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）

That's the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。

关系副词

用   法

例   句

where

关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。

We're just trying to teach a point___both sides will sit down together and talk.

A. where    B. that   C. when  D. which

when

关系副词 when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。

There was ________time ________I hated to go to school.

A. a; that         B. a; when

C. the; that        D. the ; when

why

关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。

Do you know the reason why she was put into prison ? 你知道她坐牢的原因吗？