2011高考英语语法考点讲练：主从复合句

　　4.宾语从句

　　宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。

　　①及物动词后的宾语从句：

　　She will give whoever needs help a warm support……任何需要帮助的人……

　　I wonder why she refused my invitation……她为什么拒绝了我的邀请

　　②介词后的宾语从句：

　　I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。

　　The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老师对他所说的话很满意。

　　③某些形容词后的宾语从句：

　　I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.

　　……通过努力工作，你将取得更大的进步

　　We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us…….他没有告别就走了

　　④非谓语动词后的宾语从句：

　　Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.

　　On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered "Terrible ".

　　⑤关于形式宾语it

　　We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

　　我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。

　　I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。

　　5.名词性从句重难点

　　①在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：

　　▲Can you make sure ____the gold ring ?

　　A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put

　　C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put

　　▲You can't imagine __when they received these nice Christmas presents.

　　A.how they were excited B.how excited they were

　　C.how excited were they D.they were how excited

　　②动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词;用在肯定句中，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用that。

　　Do you doubt that he will win ?

　　I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong .

　　He doubt whether I know it .

　　③ 否定转移问题。

　　▲将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移

　　I don't think I know you.　我想我并不认识你。

　　I don' t believe he will come.　我相信他不回来。

　　We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ?

　　注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

　　I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

　　▲将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移

　　It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。

　　It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

　　④主谓一致问题。

　　What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.

　　What I bought were three English books.

　　⑤语气问题

　　▲在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用"should+ 动词原形"的结构

　　I suggest we (should) set off at once. 我建议我们应该立刻出发。

　　▲在It is +过去分词+that的主语从句中 decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested， required等。

　　It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.

　　▲在表语从句或同位语从句中

　　The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone.

　　▲在It is(was)+形容词+that从句中要用虚拟语气，即(should +)动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有 essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。

　　It is necessary that a college student ____at least a foreign language.(上海1993)

　　A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master

　　⑥What引导名词从句的特殊含义:

　　▲What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.

　　(what为"所……的事"，相当于"the thing that…;all that…;everything that…")

　　▲After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed.(M ET'93)

　　A.what B.when C.that D.which

　　(what相当于"the time that"，表示"……时间")

　　▲He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?

　　(what表示"……的人"，相当于"the person that…")

　　▲What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.

　　(what表示"……的地方"，相当于"the place that…")

　　▲Our income is now double what it was ten years ago

　　(what表示"……的数目"，相当于"the amount /number that…")

　　⑦不可省略的连词：

　　▲介词后的连词不可省略

　　Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.

　　下楼之前，我已经把我要说的认真准备好了。

　　▲引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略

　　That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。

　　We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

　　▲宾语从句有多个that引导时，从第二个及其后面的that不能省略

　　I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better.

　　⑧比较：whether 与 if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：

　　▲whether 引导主语从句在句首

　　Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me .她是否来与我无关。

　　▲引导表语从句

　　His first question was whether she had arrived yet. 他问第一个问题就是她来了没有。

　　▲引导同位语从句

　　Answer my question whether you are coming.回答我你是否来的问题。

　　▲whether 从句作介词宾语

　　I worry about whether I hurt her feeling .我担心是否伤了她的感情。

　　▲与or not连在一起

　　I don't know whether or not he is going to Japan.我不知道他是否去日本。

　　大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it 充当形式主语。例如：

　　It is not important who will go. 谁去，这不重要。

　　It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。