2011高考英语语法考点讲练：主从复合句

　　7.让步状语从句

　　由下列连词引导：although,though,as,even if, even though,while,whether…or,whoever,whatever,however,

　　no matter+疑问词等。

　　We won't be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.

　　我们就是失败十次也不泄气。

　　It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.

　　那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。

　　Whether you believe it or not, it's true.不管你信不信，这是真的。

　　However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I'll take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。

　　Don't let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。

　　No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I'm wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。

　　注意以下几点：

　　①although,though引导让步状语从句时，主句前不能用but,但可以加yet,stil。

　　He refuses help although he has many friends who want to offer all kinds of help.

　　②as引导让步状语从句时，必须用前置结构，通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首，放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。

　　Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.(注意在child前不要用冠词)

　　Much as I like it, I won't buy.

　　Try as he would, he couldn't lift the heavy box.

　　8.方式状语从句

　　由下列连词引导：as,as if,as though,the way等。

　　Do it the way you were told.

　　注意以下几点：

　　①as引导方式状语从句时意义为"按照"，"如同"，前面常用加强语势。

　　I did it just as you told me.

　　②as if和as though 引导的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气，有时也用陈述语气。

　　③连词while 和whereas 可表示对比。

　　Whereas he is rather lazy,she is quite energetic.

　　9.比较状语从句

　　由下列连词引导：as…as,not as…as,not so…as,than等(详情请参见【专题三】形容词和副词)。

　　10.注意状语从句中的省略现象

　　①连接词+过去分词

　　Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.

　　②连词+现在分词

　　Look out while crossing the street.

　　③连词+形容词/其他

　　常见的有if necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。

　　④比较状语从句中的省略句。如：He arrived home half an hour earlier than (he had been)expected.

　　III.名词性从句

　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

　　引导名词性从句的连词可分为三类：

　　①that(不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略。)

　　whether, if(不充当从句的任何成分，均表示"是否"表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。)

　　as if,as though(均表示"好像"，"似乎")

　　②what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which

　　③when, where, how, why

　　Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.谁擦的黑板还不知道。

　　What he said is not true.他说的不是实话

　　That he'll come to see us is really great.他来看我们真是太好啦。

　　I don't know why he is absent.我不知道为什么他不在。

　　The question is whether he will join us next time.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。

　　It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。